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In the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more devices require wireless connectivity to transmit data over long distances with minimal power consumption. One of the key technologies meeting these requirements is LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network).
LoRaWAN is a communication protocol designed for organizing energy-efficient networks with large coverage areas. It is intended for devices that transmit small amounts of data over long distances.
Main advantages of LoRaWAN:
Network components:
LoRaWAN defines two main device classes with different operating modes:
ROSSMA devices support Classes A and C:
- Class A: battery-powered sensors with autonomous operation up to 10 years
- Class C: mains-powered devices for continuous monitoring
Class comparison:
| Parameter | Class A | Class C |
|---|---|---|
| Power consumption | Minimal | High |
| Receive windows | After transmission | Continuous |
| Downlink latency | High | Minimal |
| Application | ROSSMA battery sensors | ROSSMA mains-powered devices |
LoRa uses CSS (Chirp Spread Spectrum) modulation method, providing high resistance to interference and communication range up to 45 km in line of sight. Adaptive data rate allows optimizing the balance between range and power consumption.
LoRaWAN is actively developing in Russia, however network deployment requires consideration of regulatory requirements and frequency regulation specifics. In particular, since July 1, 2024, Russia has adopted GOST R 71168-2023 "Information technologies. Internet of Things. LoRaWAN RU specification", which defines requirements for LoRaWAN equipment and networks.
In Russia, frequencies in the 863–870 MHz range are allocated for LoRaWAN operation, which belongs to the RU864 band. This band is permitted for unlicensed use, making it convenient for IoT network deployment.
RU864 Frequency Channels:
Main channels (Join requests):
| № | MHz | kHz | DR | DC | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 868.9 | 125 | 0-5 | <10% | 25 mW |
| 2 | 869.1 | 125 | 0-5 | <10% | 25 mW |
| № | MHz | kHz | DR | DC | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 864.1 | 125 | 0-5 | 0.1% | 25 mW |
| 4 | 864.3 | 125 | 0-5 | 0.1% | 25 mW |
| 5 | 864.5 | 125 | 0-5 | 0.1% | 25 mW |
| 6 | 864.7 | 125 | 0-5 | 0.1% | 25 mW |
| 7 | 864.9 | 125 | 0-5 | 0.1% | 25 mW |
| 8 | 866.1 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 9 | 866.3 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 10 | 866.5 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 11 | 866.7 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 12 | 866.9 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 13 | 867.1 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 14 | 867.3 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 15 | 867.5 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 16 | 867.7 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
| 17 | 867.9 | 125 | 0-5 | 1% | 25 mW |
Note: For channels 3-7, DC 0.1% or LBT is used; for channels 8-17, DC 1% or LBT
RU864 Key Features:
- Main channels (1-2): used for Join requests and initial connection
- Additional channels (3-17): configured dynamically by network server
- LBT (Listen Before Talk): channel listening before transmission to avoid collisions
- Duty Cycle: transmission time limitation for regulatory compliance
- Channel spacing: 0.2 MHz between adjacent channels
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